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ANSA's 20 latest postings
Most popular postings on ANSA-Africa
COMMUNITIES OF PRACTICE
Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific (ANSA-EAP)
Affiliated Network for Social Accountability South Asia Region (ANSA-SAR)
GOXI - sharing in governance of extractive industries
IMAGE network - Independent Media for Accountability, Governance and Empowerment
ANSA-Africa is a project of the Economic Governance Programme, IDASA
Themes > Health
Health
Health is defined, promoted and understood in a variety of ways by organisations. However, common meanings related to health in its public context refer to the threats to communities based on a health analysis of populations. While core components refer to the nutritional, spiritual and intellectual health of an individual, public health broadly embraces the complete physical, mental and social well-being of citizens in the absence of disease. As a social accountability issue, public health therefore concerns health intervention in order to prevent and treat diseases by a surveillance of cases and the fostering of health behaviours. ANSA-Africa motivates this broad understanding of public health by considering health care delivery systems as important sites for maximizing intervention opportunities to improve the well-being of citizens. In order to eradicate the suffering of citizens, and to improve on health outcomes, it is crucial to understand how public health programmes benefit communities.

Effective population-based interventions to improve health and prevention of diseases underpin service delivery in communities and states. The mismatch between access to healthcare and public health initiatives often negatively impacts on the citizen. Spending in Africa on healthcare for citizens is markedly lower when compared to the West, despite governments’ commitment to intervention. The responsibility of governments and leaders to develop effective public health policies and programmes is evident, but the impact of such policies and programmes is often weak. Some of the areas ANSA-Africa might address in strengthening accountability, systems and institutions on the demand side of health are: epidemiology, biostatistics, environmental, social, behavioural and occupational health.

Efficiency and effectiveness of public expenditure in Uganda: Evidence from a public expenditure tracking study in the health sector
Daniel Lukwago and Darlison Kaija, 30 November 2010

ACODE is undertaking a Public Expenditure Tracking Study (PETS) in the health sector, with the objective of enhancing sound public expenditure management system in Uganda. The PETS is tracing the flow of budgetary resources from the Ministry of Health (MoH) to a sample of health centers for the last?

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Performance-based financing: just a donor fad or a catalyst towards comprehensive health-care reform?
Bruno Meessen, Agnes Soucat and Claude Sekabaraga, 26 November 2010

Performance-based financing is generating a heated debate. Some suggest that it may be a donor fad with limited potential to improve service delivery. Most of its critics view it solely as a provider payment mechanism. Our experience is that performance-based financing can catalyse comprehensive reforms?

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Parliamentary Policy andBudget Action Plan for AUSummit Decision on Maternal, Infant and Child Health and Development
2 October 2010

Some 60 parliamentarians together with partners have come up with a plan to transform the pledges made to maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) into action. The commitments came at a special meeting called by the Pan African Parliament and organized by Africa Public Health, with support from the?

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Progress for children: measuring health equity
September 2010

This is the story of a child, a girl born in one of the world's poorest places – probably in sub-Saharan Africa. She could also have been born in South Asia, or in a poverty-stricken community of a less poor region.

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Ensuring service delivery through community monitoring of health services in 30 health centers in Tonk district of Rajasthan
29 July 2010

Community-based monitoring is a part of National Rural Health Mission but it is not taking place. Lack of delivery of services at the Primary Health Centres has become the reason for apathy among villagers towards the PHCs. Meanwhile, the business of quacks is on rise. People with any serious disease?

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Delivering Service Indicators in Education and Health in Africa: a proposal
Tessa Bold, Bernard Gauthier, Jakob Svensson and Waly Wane, 2010

Access to quality services – in particular in health and education – has been recognized as fundamental for wellbeing and economic development (World Bank, 2003). However, in Africa and other developing countries, service delivery is often poor or nonexistent: schools and health clinics are not open?

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Health MDGs: discussion document
April 2010

This session will focus on achieving the health MDGs - with a specific focus within this on maternal and child health. It will assess the role and potential of innovative partnerships, innovative financing, and scientific and technological innovation.

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Communiqu of the civil society experts consultation on maternal, child and infant health and sexual and reproductive health in Africa
18 April 2010

We, members of civil society Participating in ‘Civil Society Experts Consultation on Maternal, Child and Infant Health and Sexual and Reproductive Health in Africa’ Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, April 17-18, 2010, organised by Solidarity for African Women’s Rights Coalition (SOAWR), IPPF-Africa?

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Constitutional provisions for the right to health in east and southern Africa
Moses Mulumba, David Kabanda and Viola Nassuna, April 2010

The extent to which health rights are neglected or promoted is a major factor in the promotion of public health and health equity in Africa. As a result, health and human rights have been incorporated in international and regional human rights treaties and in national laws, policies and strategies.?

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Parliaments and civil society delivering HIV prevention together
24 January 2010

The follow-up meeting on Prevention Movement ("50 by 15") for SADC Parliamentarians (MPs) in collaboration with Civil Society (CSOs) was held at Southern Sun Hotel, Hyde Park, Johannesburg, South Africa on the 24th - 26th January 2010.

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Key Concepts in budget analysis and resource tracking
Godknows Giya and Vailet Mukotsanjera-Kowayi, 8 December 2009

Idasa is an independent public interest organisation committed to promoting sustainable democracy based on active citizenship, democratic institutions and social justice. Idasa understands that democracy is a principle that informs the development of political institutions, norms and procedures. In?

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The AIDS Accountability Scorecard on Women 2009
2009

AIDS Accountability International (AAI) is an independent non-profit organization established to increase accountability and inspire bolder leadership in the response to the AIDS epidemic. AAI does this by rating and comparing the degree to which public and private actors are fulfilling the commitments?

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Ensuring access to health for all women and newborn - the role of parliaments
Concluding Statement by the Rapporteur, Ms. Betty Amongi, Member of Parliament, Uganda, 23 November 2009

We, members of parliament from 15 developed and developing countries,1 have gathered in Kampala from 23 to 25 November 2009 for the third parliamentary conference on maternal and newborn health. Our objective was to take stock of the current situation. We discussed extensively the role of parliamentarians?

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Governance in Health Care Delivery: Raising Performance
Maureen Lewis and Gunilla Pettersson, October 2009

The impacts of health care investments in developing and transition countries are typically measured by inputs and general health outcomes. Missing from the health agenda are measures of performance that reflect whether health systems are meeting their objectives; public resources are being used appropriately;?

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Parliamentary committee experiences in promoting the right to health in east and southern Africa
June 2009

Parliaments can play a key role in promoting the right to health in the region, particularly in helping to oversee and realise state commitment to health rights. To better understand and support the practical implementation of this role, EQUINET, through the University of Cape Town (UCT), the secretariat?

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2008 Citizen's assessment of the National Health Insurance Scheme National Development Planning Commission
May 2009

Since 2003 the Government of Ghana has adopted the Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy (GPRS) as its medium term national development policy framework. The first medium term development strategy, the Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy (GPRS I) was formulated in 2002 and implemented over the period 2003?

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Acceptibility and accessibility of HIV testing and treatment services in Bembeyi, Bunia, North eastern DR Congo
A Baba, M Ulola, M Assea, D Ngule, N Azanda, April 2009

In the DR Congo, where the national HIV prevalence is around 5%, testing and treatment services are more available in urban than rural areas, despite the latter being more affected by the epidemic. In Bunia and Aru, North eastern DRC, people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) cannot access testing or?

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Health Systems Assessment Approach: A how-to manual
23 March 2009

As the global community continues to scale up HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and maternal and child health services in low-resource countries, it is giving increased attention to the country health systems that are expected to deliver these services.

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Taking an integrated approach to National Health Accounts
23 March 2009

Last year, a representative of the civil society organization Melcolians for Better Health confronted Melcolia’s Minister of Health at a town hall meeting, saying, “In the campaign, your government pledged to reduce out-of-pocket health expenditure, increase public expenditure for primary care, and?

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HIV/AIDS Expenditure Tracking: Linking two frameworks to inform policy and programming
23 March 2009

The amount of resources available to support HIV/AIDS programming has increased greatly because of resource mobilization efforts made by global initiatives, national governments and local organizations.

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Experiences of Parliamentary Committees on Health in promoting health equity in East and Southern Africa
March 2009

Parliaments can play a key role in promoting health and health equity through their representative, legislative and oversight roles, including budget oversight. To better understand and support the practical implementation of these roles, EQUINET (through University of Cape Town (UCT) and its secretariat?

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Monitoring and evaluation toolkit: HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, and health systems strengthening
February 2009

National programs for controlling HIV, TB and malaria require support from public and private organizations for health systems strengthening. This is based on the widespread basic premise that only through building and strengthening health systems will better health outcomes be secured.

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Zimbabwe Health Report 2009
2009

The Health Task Force co-chaired by the Permanent Secretary for Health and the Vice President Health Professions Authority meets regularly is to carry out an assessment of the state of the country's health care sector through presentations by the key stakeholders namely: Ministry of Health and Child?

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Nutrition Care for People Living with HIV and AIDS: Training Manual for Community and Home-Based Car
7 January 2009

Community and home-based care providers are front-line workers in care and support of PLHIV. Their close contact with PLHIV and affected household members and their familiarity with the household environment offer a valuable opportunity for targeted nutrition care and support. Nutrition Care for People?

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Nutrition and HIV/AIDS: A Training Manual for Nurses and Midwives
7 January 2009

Nutrition interventions are an important component of comprehensive care and support for people living with HIV (PLHIV), helping to manage symptoms, promote response to treatment and improving functioning and quality of life. With support from USAID/East Africa, FANTA-2 works with partners in east,?

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AIDS accountability Country Scorecard Report
November 2008

AIDS Accountability International (AAI) is an independent nonprofit organization established to increase accountability and inspire bolder leadership in the response to the AIDS epidemic The AIDS Accountability Country Scorecard is a rating of the degree to which governments are fulfilling?

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The Statement of the Millennium Development Goals and Disability Africa Regional Conference, held at the Panafric Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya 15th to 17th September, 2008
26 September 2008
Joint statement of the 200 delegates of the Millennium Development Goals and Disablility Conference held in Nairobi, Kenya, 15 to 17 September 2008
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Meeting the promise: Progress on the Abuja commitment of 15% government funds to health
September 2008

Devoting 15% of domestic public funds to the health sector is necessary - both to address the health and health care needs within east and southern Africa (ESA) and to ensure progress towards building a universal and comprehensive health system. The target of 15% is not unrealistic – it is very much?

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Public health in Chad: Connecting spending and results
Waly Wane, August 2008
The capture and leakage of public funds in the social sectors deprive poor people of the education and health care they need. A recent study in Chad shows that when public funds reach health centers, they make a positive difference in people’s access to health care, a reason why it is important to ensure?
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Securing Our Future
An initiative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, 2008

The Commission on HIV/AIDS and Governance in Africa (CHGA) was launched by the Secretary-General of the United Nations to address the urgent and unique challenges posed by the multiple ways in which the HIV/AIDS epidemic impacts upon development and governance on the continent of Africa. The specific?

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Sant de la femme dans la rgion africaine de l’OMS: appel l’action
24 June 2008
Le rapport du directeur rgional la cinquante-huitime sance de la Sant Organisation Rgional Bureau Mondial pour l'Afrique Yaounde, Cameroun, le 1–5 septembre 2008.
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Women's health in the WHO African region: a call for action.
24 June 2008
Report of the regional director at the fifty-eighth session of the World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa at Yaounde, Cameroon, 1–5 September 2008.
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Health systems governance: toolkit on monitoring health systems strengthening
June 2008

Governance in health is increasingly regarded as a salient theme on the development agenda. The increased interest in governance has been driven by the need for greater accountability, arising from both increased funding and a growing demand to demonstrate results. An intrinsic aspect of governance,?

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Foreign aid for health: Moving beyond government
Philip Stevens, June 2008
Since the start of the decade, the amount of government-to-government foreign aid specifically for health has increased dramatically. Approximately 10 per cent of Africa’s health care expenditure is now financed directly by aid.
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Engaging communities in supporting HIV prevention and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in Zambia
Samuels, Fiona, Joseph Simbaya, Avina Sarna, Scott Geibel, Phillimon Ndubani, and Jolly Kamwanga., 29 February 2008
In Zambia, the prevalence of HIV has been estimated to be 16 percent among 15–49 year olds. In 2005, more than a million adults and children in the country were living with HIV, and nearly 10 percent of this group were dying from the disease (WHO 2006).
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The business of health in Africa: Partnering with the private sector to improve people's lives
January 2008
This report describes opportunities for engaging and supporting a well managed and effectively regulated private sector to improve the region’s health. We hope that governments, donors, investors, nongovernmental organizations, and health care providers will find this research a useful addition to traditional?
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Decentralisation and gender: Co-ordination and co-operation on maternal health issues in selected district councils in Tanzania
2008

This empirical study looks at coordination and cooperation within five district councils in Tanzania with a special focus on efforts to reduce maternal mortality.

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Introduction la carte de mesure de la
2008

La carte de mesure est un nouvel outil de suivi dont l'objectif est de faciliter l'valuation et la classification des ripostes nationales la question du VIH/sida. La carte de mesure a t dveloppe dans le but principal d'offrir une ressource aux activistes, intervenants et bnficiaires?

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The role and challenges of leadership in the response to HIV/AIDS
President Festus Mogae, 6 November 2007
On Tuesday H.E. the President gave the keynote remarks at the opening of a two day media workshop on HIV/AIDS. Noting that some of the points he had intended to make had already been addressed by previous speakers, and that he had some additional observations he wished to express, H.E. the President?
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Smarter spending on AIDS: How the big funders can do better
10 October 2007
Donor funding for HIV/AIDS has skyrocketed in the last decade: from US$ 300 million in 1996 to US$ 8.9 billion in 2006. Yet, little is understood about how these resources are being spent.
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Trends in Human Development and Human Poverty in Namibia
Sebastian Levine, October 2007
This paper uses a capability approach to analyse current levels and recent trends in socioeconomic development and poverty in Namibia.
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Unequal, Unfair, Ineffective and Inefficient - Gender Inequity in Health: Why it exists and how we can change it
Gita Sen, Piroska stlin, Asha George, September 2007
Gender differentials in health related risks and outcomes are partly determined by biological sex differences. Yet they are also the result of how societies socialise women and men into gender roles. For example, in many societies, practices around sexuality sometimes include ritual (and painful) 'deflowering'?
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Misfinancing Global Health: The Case for Transparency in Disbursements and Decision-Making
Devi Sridhar and Rajaie Batniji, September 2007
Global health is high on the international agenda of policy-makers, civil servants and philanthropists. At the turn of the century, the Millennium Summit increased interest in global health with the creation of the Millennium Development Goals, which serve as the benchmark of international attention?
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The African Civil Society Coalition on IGWG
29 August 2007
Statement to the African Ministers of Health meeting in Brazzaville on the Intergovernmental Working Group (IGWG) draft strategy
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Learning from the Extreme Poor: Participatory Approaches to Fostering Child Health in Madagascar
Caroline Blanchard, Xavier Godinot, Chantal Laureau, and Quentin Wodon, August 2007
Definitions of poverty in developing countries used by most development organizations focus on household income or consumption that falls below a given threshold, such as one dollar per capita per day, and on other quantified indicators. While such definitions have the merit of providing a standard by?
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The contribution of international health volunteers to the health workforce in sub-Saharan Africa
Geert Laleman, Guy Kegels, Bruno Marchal, Dirk Van der Roost, Isa Bogaert, Wim Van Damme, 31 July 2007
In this paper, we aim to quantify the contribution of international health volunteers to the health workforce in sub-Saharan Africa and to explore the perceptions of health service managers regarding these volunteers.
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Missing the target #4: Time is Running Out to End AIDS – Treatment and Prevention for All!
18 July 2007
The world is still one million people short of the original "3 by 5" goal to put three million people on AIDS treatment by the end of 2005. The slow progress has already cost thousands of lives, and is destined to cost millions more. This is particularly tragic because evidence shows that AIDS treatment?
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Global Business Plan for MDGs 4 & 5
2 July 2007
About 40 people representing an array of different constituencies, regions and country ministries attended a meeting to discuss the Global Business Plan (GBP) for MDGs 4 & 5 as part of the ongoing consultative process to develop the plan. The Partnership has served as the platform for developing the?
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The Africa Multi-Country AIDS Program 2000–2006: Results of the World Bank’s Response to a Development Crisis
14 June 2007
A new World Bank report on HIV/AIDS launched in the Rwandan capital, Kigali, says the mobilization of empowered 'grassroots' communities, along with delivering condoms and life-saving treatments, are beginning to slow the pace of the continent's epidemic, which last year killed more than 2 million African?
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Power to the people: evidence from a randomised field experiment of a community-based monitoring project in Uganda
Martina Bjrkman and Jakob Svensson, June 2007

Approximately 11 million children under five die each year. Almost half of these deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa where roughly one in five children dies before reaching the age of five. More than half of these children nearly 6 million will die of diseases that could easily have been prevented?

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Home truths: The phenomenon of residential care for children in a time of AIDS
Helen Meintjes, Sue Moses, Lizette Berry & Ruth Mampane, June 2007
The report is the culmination of a year long research project that aims to advance understanding of the complex patterning of residential care for children in South Africa, as well as how it relates to national policy and law and to international child welfare policy on the issue.
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Epidemic of Inequality: Women's Rights & HIV/AIDS in Botswana & Swaziland
25 May 2007
Deeply entrenched gender inequities perpetuate the HIV/AIDS pandemic in Botswana and Swaziland, the two countries with the highest HIV prevalence in the world.1 The legal systems in both countries grant women lesser status than men, restricting property, inheritance?
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Social Policy and the Quest for Inclusive Development: Research Findings from Sub-Saharan Africa
‘Jm O. Adsn, May 2007
This paper provides a reflective overview of the eight studies commissioned under the UNRISD project on Social Policy in Late Industrializers: Sub-Saharan Africa and the Challenge of Social Policy. The studies involved subregional and thematic social policy concerns. Within this framework, one study?
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The Fiscal Implications of Scaling Up ODA to Deal with the HIV/AIDS Pandemic
Bernard Walters, May 2007
The HIV/AIDS pandemic has motivated large increases in aid commitments and disbursements, with promises of further large increases in the near future. This aid is urgently required to address the emerging humanitarian crisis and implies immediate, large-scale increases in public expenditure. The central?
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We will not go back!
9 April 2007
A statement of people living with HIV/AIDS and their allies at the Third Session of the African Union Conference of Ministers of Health Johannesburg, Africa.
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Use of HIV/AIDS information in Kenya
April 2007
HIV/AIDS information is generated using substantial financial, technical and organizational resources. The investment in producing high quality HIV/AIDS data pays off when this information is used beyond reporting to governments and donors and informs program and policy decisions. The purpose of this?
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New studies raise questions about policy toward HIV positive mothers
Clare Nullis, 15 March 2007
Cape Town, South Africa (AP) Two-month-old Banele Dlamini awakes from a deep slumber and sucks hungrily at a bottle of formula proffered by his HIV-positive mother.
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Brazzaville commitment on scaling up towards universal access to HIV and AIDS prevention, treatment, care and support in Africa
8 March 2007
We, the participants in the Continental Consultation on Scaling up towards Universal Access in Africa convened by the African Union with support from WHO, UNAIDS, ECA and DFID and representing governments, parliaments, civil society, people living with HIV, women and young people, faith based organizations?
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Factors influencing implementation of the community health fund in Tanzania
Peter Kamuzora, Lucy Gilson, 13 February 2007
Although prepayment schemes are being hailed internationally as part of a solution to health care financing problems in low-income countries, literature has raised problems with such schemes. This paper reports the findings of a study that examined the factors influencing low enrolment in Tanzania’s?
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Political declaration on HIV and AIDS (2006), universal access process, and civil society engagement
12 February 2007
Defining the Issue
In the Political Declaration on HIV and AIDS (2006), Governments expressed their commitment to achieving universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support by 2010. Making true progress on this goal, however, requires that national AIDS responses increase their commitment?
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Health implications of proposed EPA between east and southern African countries and the European Union
Aulline H Mabika, Percy F Makombe, Ludwig Chizarura, Rene Loewenson, February 2007
A proposed Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) between the eastern and southern African countries (ESA) and the European Union (EU) is currently under negotiation. The final agreement to be signed in December 2007 could have a profound impact on areas of health and health services. Recognising this,?
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Global health partnerships: The UK contribution to health in developing countries
Nigel Crisp, February 2007
The main findings

We will not see sufficient progress in reducing child and maternal deaths and tackling HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria – the health Millennium Development Goals – unless:

  • Developing countries are able to take the lead and own the solutions – and are supported?
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Issues of equity are also issues of rights: Lessons from experiences in Southern Africa
Leslie London, 26 January 2007
Background: Human rights approaches to health have been criticized as antithetical to equity, principally because they are seen to prioritise rights of individuals at the expense of the interests of groups, a core tenet of public health. The objective of this study was to identify how human rights approaches?
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Kilifi Orphans and Vulnerable Children Project
2007
An estimated 12 million children aged 17 or younger have lost one or both parents to AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa (UNICEF, 2006a). Despite the recognition of the magnitude and negative consequences of this problem, there is little evidence on “what works” to improve the well-being of children affected?
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Are you being served? Popular satisfaction with health and education services in Africa
Michael Bratton, January 2007
This article explores the determinants of public satisfaction (or dissatisfaction) with health and education services in Africa. Among prospective explanations, we consider the users’ poverty, their general perceptions of service accessibility, and their specific experiences with service providers. We?
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Geographic information and GIS to support HIV/AIDS monitoring, evaluation and response
December 2006
The result of the Geographic Information System (GIS) capacity and data analysis conducted in Malawi in July 2006 in the context of the joint project: "Promoting equity and a health systems approach towards treatment access and responses to HIV and AIDS in Southern Africa" clearly demonstrated that some?
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Fighting Health Inequalities through User-friendly Data Presentation
Boster G. Sibande, December 2006
This paper outlines how data from a community scorecard can be effectively presented to influence policy change in the fight against health inequalities in rural areas of African countries. The scorecard enables dialogue between service providers and users to deal with non discrimination in drug dispensing,?
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Towards an African Regional Social Policy - Johannesburg draft
November 2006
Ministers and senior officers from 13 SADC-countries + UN-DESA met in Johannesburg 21-24 Nov, 2006 with an intention to contribute towards developing regional social policies for Africa. The Ministerial Declaration and Draft Strategy are going to be contributions towards a social dimension in SADC and?
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Building blocks in practice: participatory tools to improve the development of care and support for orphans and vulnerable children
October 2006
Today more than 13 million children currently under age 15 have lost one or both parents to AIDS. By 2010 this number is expected to have risen to more than 25 million (Children on the Brink, UNICEF, UNAIDS and USAID, 2002.) Families and communities are an integral part of the response. They need support?
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A comparative study of the knowledge and attitudes of intern doctors at rural and urban hospitals regarding the migration of health workers
Denise K Lwamafa, Vennie Nabitaka M, Dr KC Opio, October 2006
The reasons for migration of health workers have been extensively studied in some countries, but not in Uganda (Dambiysa, 2004). When the international community embarked on the eradication of malaria, in 1955, Africa was not among the beneficiaries because it lacked adequately trained personnel.
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The Windhoek healthy cities project
26 September 2006
Rapid urbanization and industrialization, high levels of poverty and inequity, and low levels of economic and scientific development have contributed to environmental degradation in many African cities. The scale and severity of urban environmental degradation in rapidly urbanizing African cities has?
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Participatory methods for a people centred health system
28 February 2006
The regional training workshop on participatory methods for a people centred health system was hosted by the regional network for equity in health in east and southern Africa (EQUINET) , TARSC, Ifakara and CHESSORE in Bagamoyo Tanzania from February 28- 3 March 2006. It involved 37 delegates from in?
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Rwanda citizen report and community score cards
February 2006
The CRC and CSC study was commissioned by the Ministry of Local Government, Good Governance, Community Development and Social Affairs. The aim was to gather data and information on a pilot scale regarding how citizens rate the quantity and quality of services delivered in the health and education sectors.?
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Healthy cities/villages concept in Zambia
2006
Zambia with a population of almost 10 million inhabitants are distributed in four (4) City Councils (Lusaka, Kitwe, Ndola and Livingstone) Municipal Councils (Mongu, Kasama, Mansa, Kabwe, Solwezi, Choma, Mazabuka and Chipata) and the rest are Rural Councils.
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Global challenges in cities: With a focus on Africa
2006
Cities are growing fast worldwide; at present, nearly half of the world’s population lives in urban areas. Demographers agree that that proportion will continue to grow, with most of the growth occurring in developing countries. Africa and Asia have the lowest urbanization levels but are experiencing?
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Reducing poverty through healthy cities programme
2006
Healthy Cities programme is a WHO proactive integrated local initiative that is built on the WHO definition of Health based on the principle and strategies of Health-for-ALL and is rooted in the Ottawa Charter for the promotion of health. The concept that is central to Agenda 21 has emerged as an important?
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The dispossession of African wealth at the cost of Africa’s health
Patrick Bond, 2006
This article synthesizes new data about the outflow of Africa’s wealth, to reveal structural factors behind the continent’s ongoing underdevelopment. The flow of wealth out of sub-Saharan Africa to the North occurs primarily through exploitative debt and finance, phantom aid, capital flight, unfair trade,?
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Social accountability sourcebook - chapter 4: Social accountability in the health sector
2006
The 1993 World Development Report (WDR), Investing in Health,, described strengthening accountability as one of the core elements of health sector reforms. Since then, both participation and accountability have become increasingly popular and part of strategic plans for developing and transitioning?
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Health financing revisited
Pablo Gottret, George Schieber, 2006
Health is now widely recognized as a basic human right, and the urgency of some global health issues has pushed global health policy to the top of the international agenda. With globalization comes the flow of ideas, capital, and people across borders, which has profound implications for the spread and?
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Accountability and participation in Africa
Barbara Klugman, 2006
Why the concern with accountability?
The brief for this chapter was to review current experience in Africa with health sector reforms (HSR) as they pertain to health service accountability to users. The chapter, in fact, focuses as much on participation as on accountability, on the argument that?
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Promoting health in trade agreements
15 August 2005
The workshop on Protecting health in Trade agreements held in Zimbabwe in August 2005 was held within an EQUINET programme with Centre for Health Policy South Africa and SEATINI Zimbabwe that aims to build capacities in state, legislative and civil society institutions to know, understand, analyse and?
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The millennium development goals in Africa: Progress and challenges
August 2005
The urgent need to address poverty around the world and the opportunity provided by the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have made them the rallying cry of a global partnership and the cornerstone of international and regional development policy. For the first time in history, a diverse range of players?
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Tackling child malnutrition in Ethiopia: Do the sustainable development poverty reduction programme’s underlying policy assumptions reflect local realities?
Alemu Mekonnen, Nicola Jones, Bekele Tefera, 2005
This paper emphasises that malnutrition cannot be tackled without understanding its causes. Child malnutrition remains a major public health problem in Ethiopia, yet the government has no specific nutrition policy. Levels of wasting (acute malnutrition) and stunting (chronic malnutrition) in children?
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Workshop on writing for peer reviewed journals
4 June 2004
The Southern African Regional Network on Equity in Health (EQUINET) was launched by southern Africans after a 1997 seminar on ‘Equity in Health’ in Kasane, Botswana. EQUINET is a network of professionals, civil society members and policy makers who have come together as an equity catalyst, to promote?
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Health profile and work plan
June 2004
The aim of the document is to identify the most important health problems that used to be tackled and how to go about tackling them (Work Plan). For health to be achieved there should be tireless efforts from all sectors of society including the recipients towards achieving it.
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The need for formulating EHP in countries in the African region
Muchie Kidanu, 22 January 2004
Outline of presentation
  • Introduce EH
  • Review extent of effects of poor environmental health conditions on Health, Education, economy and Environment
  • Potential Solutions
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Review of health service delivery in Angola
Suzanne Fustukian, 2004
Angola, with a population of 13.6 million, has faced almost forty years of war from 1961, when a war for independence was fought against the colonial Portuguese state, to 2002, when a peace settlement was signed between the two opposing parties; the government (led by the MPLA) and UNITA.
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Report of a workshop at ICASA on equity and the expansion of access to treatment and care for HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa
23 September 2003
HIV/AIDS has had a deep impact on health and health equity issues in Southern Africa. Health care systems have been stressed by increased demand for care, while themselves suffering HIV/AIDS related losses in health personnel. Household and community caring have complemented and sometimes substituted?
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Deprivation and resource allocation: Methods for small area research
September 2003
There is a growing interest internationally in undertaking studies which consider health disparities between small geographic areas, both as a tool to understand better the determinants of health inequalities and to explore appropriate policy responses. One of the potential policy responses is to consider?
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Inter-country workshop for developing plans of action for taking forward CMH related work
4 August 2003
Enhanced political commitment for health, and planning country actions to increase health investment were the two major objectives of the workshop organised by WHO Regional Office for Africa (AFRO) with the dynamic support of the WHO Ethiopia Office and Headquarters. The six-day workshop in Addis Ababa,?
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Mission to Mozambique
23 June 2003
In response to the request made to WHO/AFRO by MOH through the WR of Mozambique to elaborate and prepare framework on Environmental Health Policy for the country, EHP visited Mozambique for the period mentioned above. Before embarking on developing and formulating EHP framework document for Mozambique,?
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Generic plan of action format phases and steps at the country level: Macroeconomics and health strategy
June 2003
In January 2000, WHO Director-General established a Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (CMH) to study the links between increased investments in health, economic development and poverty reduction.
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Report of the Equinet workshop and inputs to the second conference of the International Society for Equity in Health (ISEqH)
14 June 2002
ISEqH was formed to promote equity in health and health services internationally through research, education, publication, and communication. Its specific objectives are to facilitate scientific interchange of conceptual and methodological knowledge on issues related to equity in health and health services;?
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Healthy cities initiative in the African region: Evaluation manual
2002
The Healthy City initiative, started in 1987 by the World Health Organization (WHO), seeks to put health on the agenda of decision-makers in cities, and to build a strong lobby for public health at the local level.
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Healthy cities initiative: Approaches and experience in the African region
2002
The Healthy Cities movement has its origins in the recognition that health is determined much less by health services than by social, environmental and economic factors, as originally pointed out by McKeown. Observations of this kind gave rise to the now well-established concepts of Health Promotion?
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Women’s health: Using human rights to gain reproductive rights
December 1998
10 December 1998 is the 50th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). “International human rights law has been guilty of ‘gender-blindness’,” says Pierre San, Secretary General of Amnesty International. “For too long it focused on the ‘public’ arena largely populated by men and?
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